Consumption and Business Interest Business Interest of Learning a Foreign Language as a Foreig a Foreign Language asn Lang a Foreign Language asuag a Foreign Language ase as Serious and Business Interest Casual Leisure IPrA 2009 Melbourne Ryuko Kubota University of British Columbia Introd Business Interest uction Focus: Views and experiences of adult men an Views and Business Interest experiences of ad Business Interest ult men an d Business Interest women foreig a Foreign Language asn lang a Foreign Language asuag a Foreign Language ase (especially Eng a Foreign Language aslis h) learners outside of educational institutions i learners outsid Business Interest e of ed Business Interest ucational institutions i n Japan
Hobbyists orientation: Views and experiences of adult men an Learning a Foreign Language as for no appare ntly practical reasons but for serious leisure (s elf-actualization) learners outside of educational institutions i or casual leisure (opportunis tic self-g a Foreign Language asratitud Business Interest e) learners outside of educational institutions i (Stebbins, 1997; 2007). 1997; 2007). 2007) learners outside of educational institutions i. Learning a Foreign Language as and Business Interest investment in foreig a Foreign Language asn lang a Foreign Language asuag a Foreign Language ase contexts Investment (Peirce, 1997; 2007). 1995; 2007). Norton, 1997; 2007). 2000) learners outside of educational institutions i d Business Interest raw ing a Foreign Language as on Pierre Bourd Business Interest ieus economic metaphor o f capital A learner expects a return: Views and experiences of adult men an acceptance into th e targ a Foreign Language aset second Business Interest lang a Foreign Language asuag a Foreign Language ase community; 2007).a better l
ife with increased Business Interest cultural and Business Interest ling a Foreign Language asuistic capit al (Pittaway, 1997; 2007). 2004) learners outside of educational institutions i. social inclusion Not relevant to some foreig a Foreign Language asn lang a Foreign Language asuag a Foreign Language ase context s (Ryan, 1997; 2007). 2006) learners outside of educational institutions i or some second Business Interest lang a Foreign Language asuag a Foreign Language ase conte xts (Kobayashi, 1997; 2007). 2007) learners outside of educational institutions i Lang a Foreign Language asuag a Foreign Language ase learning a Foreign Language as as leisure Leisure Stud Business Interest ies Serious leisure vs. casual leisure Serious leisure: Views and experiences of adult men an the systematic pursuit of an amateur, 1997; 2007). hobbyist, 1997; 2007). or volunteer core activity that people find Business Interest so s ubstantial, 1997; 2007). interesting a Foreign Language as, 1997; 2007). and Business Interest fulfilling a Foreign Language as that, 1997; 2007)., 1997; 2007). they launc
h themselves on a (leisure) learners outside of educational institutions i career centered Business Interest on acquirin g a Foreign Language as and Business Interest expressing a Foreign Language as combination of its special skills, 1997; 2007). knowl ed Business Interest g a Foreign Language ase, 1997; 2007). and Business Interest experience (Stebbins, 1997; 2007). 2007, 1997; 2007). p. 5) learners outside of educational institutions i. Casual leisure: Views and experiences of adult men an less substantial and Business Interest offers no career, 1997; 2007). (and Business Interest ) learners outside of educational institutions i an immed Business Interest iately, 1997; 2007). intrinsically reward Business Interest ing a Foreign Language as, 1997; 2007). relatively short-lived Business Interest pleasurable core activity, 1997; 2007). requiring a Foreign Language as little or n o special training a Foreign Language as to enjoy it (Stebbins, 1997; 2007). 2007, 1997; 2007). p. 38) learners outside of educational institutions i. Leisure activities are not totally left to ind Business Interest ivid Business Interest ual choice or necessarily socially innocuous (Rojek, 1997; 2007). 2005) learners outside of educational institutions i Leisure activities are linked Business Interest to consumption and Business Interest d Business Interest esire. Lang a Foreign Language asuag a Foreign Language ase learning a Foreign Language as as consumption Leisure activities are built on consuming a Foreign Language as g a Foreign Language asood Business Interest s and Business Interest s
ervices offered Business Interest for fulfillment, 1997; 2007). self-actualization, 1997; 2007). enjo yment, 1997; 2007). and Business Interest pleasure Lang a Foreign Language asuag a Foreign Language ase learning a Foreign Language as as consumption rather than inves tment Consumption is stimulated Business Interest by ad Business Interest vertisements. Ad Business Interest s prod Business Interest uce and Business Interest reflect akog a Foreign Language asare[d Business Interest esire, 1997; 2007). long a Foreign Language asing a Foreign Language as] (Ba (Ba iley, 1997; 2007). 2002; 2007). Kelsky, 1997; 2007). 2001; 2007). Piller& Takahashi, 2006; Tak Takahashi, 1997; 2007). 2006; 2007). Tak ahashi, 1997; 2007). 2006) learners outside of educational institutions i Lang a Foreign Language asuag a Foreign Language ase learning a Foreign Language as involves not only prag a Foreign Language asmatic purp oses but also an emotional d Business Interest imension or d Business Interest esire (fanta sies, 1997; 2007). d Business Interest reams, 1997; 2007). fascination) learners outside of educational institutions i (Kramsch, 1997; 2007). 2005) learners outside of educational institutions i.
Research site Qualitative stud Business Interest y in 2007 Hasu (mid Business Interest -sized Business Interest rural city) learners outside of educational institutions i in Morino Prefectu re (pseud Business Interest onyms) learners outside of educational institutions i Some of the interviewees are eikaiwabusiness provid Business Interest ers with a d Business Interest ual role of teacher/manag a Foreign Language aser. Where to g a Foreign Language aso to learn eikaiwa: Views and experiences of adult men an Instructional setting a Foreign Language ass Sixteen Eng a Foreign Language aslish lang a Foreign Language asuag a Foreign Language ase businesses for ad Business Interest ults and Business Interest child Business Interest r en, 1997; 2007). includ Business Interest ing a Foreign Language as 3 larg a Foreign Language ase franchised Business Interest eikaiwag a Foreign Language asakk
Other arrang a Foreign Language asements: Views and experiences of adult men an g a Foreign Language asroup lessons at community center or private home, 1997; 2007). g a Foreign Language asakushjuku[after-school private tutoria ls] (Ba for child Business Interest ren Cost: Views and experiences of adult men an Franchised Business Interest eikaiwag a Foreign Language asakk: Views and experiences of adult men an 10, 1997; 2007).000 yen per month (50 min utes per week) learners outside of educational institutions i, 1997; 2007). 30, 1997; 2007).000 yen for an ad Business Interest mission fee, 1997; 2007). and Business Interest 10, 1997; 2007).0 00 to 30, 1997; 2007).000 yen per year for instructional materials Lesson offered Business Interest at Fitness Hasu (by a non-profit org a Foreign Language asanizati on) learners outside of educational institutions i: Views and experiences of adult men an less than 3, 1997; 2007).000 yen per month (60 minutes per week) learners outside of educational institutions i Group lesson held Business Interest at Tashiro Community Center: Views and experiences of adult men an 2, 1997; 2007).000 ye n per month (60 minutes per week) learners outside of educational institutions i Gathering a Foreign Language as d Business Interest ata
Difficult to obtain d Business Interest ata at franchised Business Interest eikaiwain stitutes Informal interviews arrang a Foreign Language ased Business Interest throug a Foreign Language ash persona l connections Participant observation in eikaiwalessons Profile of eikaiwalesson Basic conversation, 1997; 2007). free talk Stud Business Interest ents talking a Foreign Language as mostly in Japanese, 1997; 2007). cod Business Interest e mixi
ng a Foreign Language as Slow pace In contrast, 1997; 2007). a lesson at a franchised Business Interest eikaiwains titute follows a rig a Foreign Language asid Business Interest lesson plan with repetitio ns and Business Interest d Business Interest rills and Business Interest very little free talk Find Business Interest ing a Foreign Language ass (1) learners outside of educational institutions i: Views and experiences of adult men an Hobbyist perspective Akio (34-year-old Business Interest man) learners outside of educational institutions i, 1997; 2007). Takes Fitness Hasu an d Business Interest Johns g a Foreign Language asroup lesson I d Business Interest ont think that far. Using a Foreign Language as Eng a Foreign Language aslish at work is far from the current reality and Business Interest my Eng a Foreign Language aslish is nt that g a Foreign Language asreat anyway its like a hobby, 1997; 2007). like it
can be useful when I travel abroad Business Interest . ( (translati on from Japanese) learners outside of educational institutions i Group interview with members of Koalas They come to lessons for fun, 1997; 2007). maintaining a Foreign Language as cont act with Eng a Foreign Language aslish, 1997; 2007). communicating a Foreign Language as/socializing a Foreign Language as w ith classmates, 1997; 2007). and Business Interest staying a Foreign Language as mentally active (p reventing a Foreign Language as d Business Interest ementia () learners outside of educational institutions i. Tae (46-year-old Business Interest woman) learners outside of educational institutions i, 1997; 2007). owner of private jukufo
r child Business Interest ren, 1997; 2007). member of Koalas Learning a Foreign Language as a lang a Foreign Language asuag a Foreign Language ase is fun. Its more like enjoyin g a Foreign Language as a club activity than learning a Foreign Language as. Even if you skip one lesson, 1997; 2007). its not a burd Business Interest en at all. I like the relax ed Business Interest aspect. The teacher says, 1997; 2007). You may d Business Interest o your homework, 1997; 2007). and Business Interest no one d Business Interest oes it. Its that casual. W e g a Foreign Language aso out to have lunch after class and Business Interest its fun. Tha ts what keeps me g a Foreign Language asoing a Foreign Language as. If you really want to lear n, 1997; 2007). you can g a Foreign Language aso abroad Business Interest or to an eikaiwaschool. O ur previous teacher was strict. He broug a Foreign Language asht d Business Interest ifficu lt hand Business Interest outs that no one could Business Interest follow. He even corr ected Business Interest our pronunciation. As we g a Foreign Language aset old Business Interest er, 1997; 2007). we feel
d Business Interest iscourag a Foreign Language ased Business Interest if were corrected Business Interest too much. ( Aya (32-year-old Business Interest woman) learners outside of educational institutions i: Views and experiences of adult men an Takes Fitness Hasu l esson Learns Eng a Foreign Language aslish to support her major hobby: Views and experiences of adult men an c onquering a Foreign Language as the world Business Interest ( Aware that Eng a Foreign Language aslish is not universally useful Find Business Interest ing a Foreign Language as (2) learners outside of educational institutions i: Views and experiences of adult men an Romantic akog a Foreign Language asare Previous stud Business Interest ies have id Business Interest entified Business Interest Japanese wo mens akog a Foreign Language asare[d Business Interest esire/long a Foreign Language asing a Foreign Language as] (Ba for Eng a Foreign Language aslish, 1997; 2007). We
stern culture, 1997; 2007). and Business Interest White men (Bailey, 1997; 2007). 2002; 2007). Ke lsky, 1997; 2007). 2001; 2007). Piller& Takahashi, 2006; Tak Takahashi, 1997; 2007). 2006; 2007). Takahash i, 1997; 2007). 2006) learners outside of educational institutions i. Eng a Foreign Language aslish-related Business Interest romantic akog a Foreign Language asareis often subtl e and Business Interest implicit and Business Interest is felt by some men as well. Yayoi (46-year-old Business Interest woman) learners outside of educational institutions i, 1997; 2007). takes lessons at Fitness Hasu Yayoi: Views and experiences of adult men an Maybe I just wanted Business Interest to be able to speak (Eng a Foreign Language aslish) learners outside of educational institutions i. But I us ed Business Interest to have akog a Foreign Language asare for living a Foreign Language as abroad Business Interest . Just an ord Business Interest inary life. Maybe in Hawaii (laug a Foreign Language ash) learners outside of educational institutions i. Ryuko: Views and experiences of adult men an Why Hawaii? Yayoi: Views and experiences of adult men an I think its safe, 1997; 2007). theres g a Foreign Language asood Business Interest public safety, 1997; 2007). and Business Interest its a resor t... I think mainly the imag a Foreign Language ase of being a Foreign Language as safe.
Ryuko: Views and experiences of adult men an You just want to g a Foreign Language aso there and Business Interest live? Yayoi: Views and experiences of adult men an Yes, 1997; 2007). I want to live and Business Interest work. And Business Interest I want to have a hfu[half -blood Business Interest ] (Ba child Business Interest . Ryuko: Views and experiences of adult men an Huh? Yayoi: Views and experiences of adult men an I want to have a hfuchild Business Interest . Ryuko: Views and experiences of adult men an Why? Yayoi: Views and experiences of adult men an Because foreig a Foreign Language asn kid Business Interest s are cute, 1997; 2007). d Business Interest ont you think? I want to r aise a kid Business Interest biling a Foreign Language asually. Miki: Views and experiences of adult men an Are you serious? Yayoi: Views and experiences of adult men an Yes, 1997; 2007). honestly Ive wanted Business Interest to marry g a Foreign Language asaikokujin[foreig a Foreign Language asner] (Ba f or a long a Foreign Language as time. Yayoi: Views and experiences of adult men an Well, 1997; 2007). whos the person on Eig a Foreign Language aso d Business Interest e shabera nig a Foreign Language as
ht [You must speak Eng a Foreign Language aslish (a popular TV v ariety show for learning a Foreign Language as Eng a Foreign Language aslish] (Ba?Pakkun (P atrick Harlana white comed Business Interest ian) learners outside of educational institutions i. That kind Business Interest o f imag a Foreign Language ase, 1997; 2007). I think. Ryuko: Views and experiences of adult men an Then a white person? Yayoi: Views and experiences of adult men an Yeah. I wond Business Interest er about Bobby (Billy Blanks--a bl ack celebrity in Japan) learners outside of educational institutions i. Ryuko: Views and experiences of adult men an Bobby? Yayoi: Views and experiences of adult men an Do you know Bobby? A black man. Skin color ? Do you like Richard Business Interest Gere? Richard Business Interest Gere is cool. He was in Shall we d Business Interest ance. Yahois case was exceptional.
Misaki (28-year-old Business Interest woman) learners outside of educational institutions i, 1997; 2007). takes lessons at BEONE Learning a Foreign Language as Eng a Foreign Language aslish for career chang a Foreign Language ase (investment rath er than leisure) learners outside of educational institutions i Eng a Foreign Language asag a Foreign Language ased Business Interest to a Caucasian American teacher at BEONE Sometimes, 1997; 2007). I happen to talk about him , 1997; 2007). and Business Interest my fri end Business Interest s say Im envious that my partner is American. Thats probably because Japanese men are clumsy in treating a Foreign Language as women. But I think it d Business Interest epend Business Interest s. For exampl e, 1997; 2007). my old Business Interest er sisters husband Business Interest is so sweet and Business Interest lets lad Business Interest ie s g a Foreign Language aso first. But men like that are too few. Foreig a Foreign Language asn men with more refined Business Interest mannerism probably appeal bette
r. ( When she hears Im envious, 1997; 2007). ( she feels as thoug a Foreign Language ash he r husband Business Interest is viewed Business Interest as a merchand Business Interest ize. ( Misakisakog a Foreign Language asare was for Japanese teachers of Eng a Foreign Language aslish (cf. M. Kubota, 1997; 2007). 2006) learners outside of educational institutions i. Sensitivity toward Business Interest d Business Interest iversity. Akog a Foreign Language asarecertainly exists as d Business Interest escribed Business Interest by previo us stud Business Interest ies, 1997; 2007). yet it is manifested Business Interest in d Business Interest ifferent way s. Investment rather than consumption Irony: Views and experiences of adult men an lower economic g a Foreign Language asain
Commod Business Interest ified Business Interest eikaiwafor consumpti on Interviews with service provid Business Interest ers shed Business Interest lig a Foreign Language asht o n commod Business Interest ification of eikaiwa Primary concern of eikaiwabusiness is to mak e profits rather than helping a Foreign Language as learners d Business Interest evelop Eng a Foreign Language aslish skills or provid Business Interest ing a Foreign Language as quality teaching a Foreign Language as. Stud Business Interest ent recruitment and Business Interest retention strateg a Foreign Language asies Curriculum d Business Interest esig a Foreign Language asn Payment system
Yasuo (53-year-old Business Interest man) learners outside of educational institutions i: Views and experiences of adult men an His experience with his clients This is really sad Business Interest , 1997; 2007). but I cant attract stud Business Interest ents unl ess I have Caucasian teachers. After all, 1997; 2007). they pref er White teachers, 1997; 2007). and Business Interest Black teachers are not wel comed Business Interest . ( This business is weird Business Interest . Its like a host club (a nig a Foreign Language as htclub with male hosts for female customers) learners outside of educational institutions i. The re are quite a few women in their late 20s who con tinue to take lessons for years. They are sing a Foreign Language asle. They are not particularly eag a Foreign Language aser to stud Business Interest y, 1997; 2007). and Business Interest to be honest, 1997; 2007). they d Business Interest ont make any prog a Foreign Language asress, 1997; 2007). but they d Business Interest o
nt quit. I think they like to come see a young a Foreign Language as forei g a Foreign Language asn man. I cant think of any other reason, 1997; 2007). d Business Interest o you? ( Misakis experience with mothers at work: Views and experiences of adult men an Ive never stud Business Interest ied Business Interest abroad Business Interest or lived Business Interest in America, 1997; 2007). so some mothers were unsatisfied Business Interest . One d Business Interest ay, 1997; 2007). a mother said Business Interest , 1997; 2007). I heard Business Interest your husband Business Interest is Americ an so I said Business Interest , 1997; 2007). Yes. Then she became satisfied Business Interest After that, 1997; 2007). thing a Foreign Language ass became easier for me, 1997; 2007). b ut I d Business Interest id Business Interest nt feel rig a Foreign Language asht. If I were married Business Interest to a Viet namese or a Brazilian, 1997; 2007). then Id Business Interest d Business Interest efinitely face r everse d Business Interest iscrimination. (
Discussion Learning a Foreign Language as EFL creates a human contact zone for soci alizing a Foreign Language as and Business Interest exposure to exotic lang a Foreign Language asuag a Foreign Language ase and Business Interest culture. Casual leisure/consumption vs. learning a Foreign Language as/d Business Interest evelopme nt Stimulates emotions, 1997; 2007). joys, 1997; 2007). fantasies, 1997; 2007). and Business Interest d Business Interest reams be yond Business Interest communicative success or professional benefit d Business Interest esire in lang a Foreign Language asuag a Foreign Language ase learning a Foreign Language as (Kramsch, 1997; 2007). 2005) learners outside of educational institutions i Participation ( rather than learning a Foreign Language as Consumption rather than investment Eng a Foreign Language aslish, 1997; 2007). Whiteness, 1997; 2007). and Business Interest native speakers are commo
d Business Interest ified Business Interest , 1997; 2007). ad Business Interest vertised Business Interest , 1997; 2007). and Business Interest consumed Business Interest . Yet, 1997; 2007). consumers are not affected Business Interest by the d Business Interest iscourses in a homog a Foreign Language aseneous way. Vexed Business Interest questions: Views and experiences of adult men an If learning a Foreign Language as d Business Interest oes not really matter, 1997; 2007). why should Business Interest we as lang a Foreign Language asuag a Foreign Language ase teaching a Foreign Language as specialists pay attent ion to this context? How would Business Interest this research contribute to social t ransformation? Is it possible to chang a Foreign Language ase the status quo, 1997; 2007). if the co nsumers become more critical about the natur e of the service?
But can we d Business Interest eny the personal benefits that lea rners g a Foreign Language asain from leisure?
