Cells and Cell Specialization - Science with Smet

Cells and Cell Specializatio n Cell Specialization A cells structure is directly related to its function

size, shape, special structures, abundance of specific organelles, Stem Cell = A cell that is not yet specialized (undifferentiated) Stem

Can cells can differentiate into any other specialized cell divide to produce more stem cells. They are found in multicellular organisms.

RED BLOOD CELLS Function: Carry oxygen from lungs to cells of the body. Adaptation: contain a red substance called hemoglobin, which picks up oxygen.

Mature red blood cells have no nucleus White Blood Cells White blood cells defend the body

against germs. One type of WBC can engulf germs

Called Phagocytes One type of WBC can produce substances called antibodies Muscle Cells- Smooth

Muscle Smooth muscle cells can contract (shorten), this contraction cause things to move. Found in internal

organs like stomach , food canals Muscle Cell- Skeletal Muscle Skeletal muscle cells

or striated or voluntary muscles Can shorten to move bones. How your body moves. Long, cylinder, shaped fibres that have striped appearance.

Muscle Cell- Cardiac Muscle Cardiac muscle cells are found in the heart. The contraction and relaxation of cardiac muscles cells cause the heart to pump blood

throughout the body Stripe appearance and from short branching threads or fibres. Nerve Cell Carry

messages called impulses (electrical) from one part of the body to another. Adaptations: dendrites, axon, cell body

Bone Cells Bone cells make bone to support the body Make bone

marrow which makes red and white blood cells Epithelial Cells Cover

and protect surfaces inside and outside the body. The cheek cells inside the mouth and skin cells are examples of

epithelial cells Adaptation: Thin for absorption Gamete (sex cell) : Sperm Gamete (sex cell): Egg Palisade Cells

Found in the leaves of plants contains lots of chloroplast for

photosynthe sis Root Hair Cells Found on the roots of plants in

little hairs. Long and thin to absorb water from the soil Questions Which a)

b) c) d) e) f) Cell is responsible for: Absorbing water for plants? Transporting oxygen in animals

Making food for plants Transporting messages around the body Allowing movement for the body Protect the body from infection Body Organization CELLS-->

TISSUES--> ORGANS--> SYSTEMS--> ORGANISM